Year: 2020

What are the Levels of Process Control? Basic Regulatory Control Advanced Regulatory Control Multivariable, Model-Based Control Constrained Economic Optimization Multi-unit constrained Economic Optimization First principle Economic Optimization (RTO) Basic Regulatory Control (BRC) is called a Single sensing element. Input -Single final control element Output (SISO) control. All advanced control methods depends…

What is a Soft Sensor? Modern chemical plants are equipped with data historians that constantly collect and online data from all of the installed sensors every second or minute. Approximately two decades ago, researchers started to make use of the huge data inventory by building predictive models based on these…

What is the Blending Process in the Crude Oil Refinery? Crude oil needs to be processed in a refinery before it can be used. There are three major types of operation that are performed to refine the oil into finished products: Separation Conversion Treating & Blending Blending is the last…

What is Machine Learning? Machine learning is an application of artificial intelligence (AI) that provides systems the ability to automatically learn and improve from experience without being explicitly programmed. Machine learning focuses on the development of computer programs that can access data and use it to learn for themselves. The…

What is a Digital Twin? A digital twin refers to a virtual model of a process, product, or service. It is a bridge between the physical and digital worlds. This pairing of the virtual and physical worlds allows analysis of data and monitoring of systems to identify problems before they…

What is RO (Restricted Orifice Plate)? Restriction plate has an orifice bore (and plate thickness) that is calculated to achieve the required restriction to the flow rate or pressure drop whilst maintaining plate integrity. A multi-restriction assembly, consisting of several plates in series, can be engineered for use where the…

What is the three-element control? The figure shows a typical drum level controller, which measures the drum level(1), main steam flow (2), and feed flow (3) and manipulates the feed control valve to regulate the drum level. This is three-element control. What is the need for three-element control? In the…

What is POSRV (Operated Safety Relief Valve)? A POSRV relieves an overpressure situation by actuating a valve that is plumbed to the main valve. The valve opens and closes the main valve in response to system pressure and all of the relieving capacity flows through the main valve. How does…

Why Deaerator? It is the utmost necessary to remove the dissolved gases from the feed-, as the presence of Dissolve Oxygen in the leads to pitting corrosion in the high-pressure pipes/metal tubes and the presence of CO2 gas reduces the pH level of the by generating Carbonic Acid. So to…